★初級文法第3集(be動詞過去式was/were,一般動詞的過去式ed)－勻的手作日記(Emily HSU)

Unit 3 be 動詞，一般動詞的過去式
<be 動詞的過去式 was / were >
am/ is + was， are +were
▲過去式be 動詞，表示過去時間中發生的狀態
(例)
1. 現在式 He is busy now.
2. 過去式 He was busy then 那時他很忙。
時間副詞改變，動詞也必須改變。
例如 1.現在式 My parents are at home now。我的父母現在在家。
         2.過去式My parents were at home yesterday.我的父母昨天在家,(表示今天不在家）
▲Be 動詞(過去式)的否定句：主詞＋ was / were ＋not~~~
         例如 1. 肯定句：Mr. brown was a vet (以前是獸醫  ，表示現在不是獸醫）
否定：Mr brown wasn't a vet . (以前不是獸醫  ，表示現在是獸醫）
2.Joe and brian were in the living room at that time            (at that time=then那個時候)
   否定 Joe and brian weren't in the living room at that time ,

▲Be動詞過去式的疑問句：was / were ＋主詞？
肯定句：主詞+was/were ~~  .
否定句：was/were +主詞 ~~~ ？
例如 1. 肯定句： wendy was in the seventh grade last year. (Wendy去年就讀7年級/國一)。
             疑問句： was wendy in the seventh grade last year?
   例如 Were you a pianist?
             Yes , I was.   /No. I wan't
補充說明： (Piano鋼琴 pianist鋼琴家)
▲. 一般動詞的過去式----規則變化/ 不規則變化
規則變化-----ed   發音[無聲t][d][Id]
原型動詞字尾＋ed → helped[t] spelled[d] wanted[tId]想要、需要 needed[dId]
原型動詞字尾有e ＋d →love-loved  dance--danced
原型動詞為子音＋短母音＋子音---重複字尾加ed→  stop- stopped planned (計畫)
原型動詞為子音有y 去y 加ied →  study—studied cry—cried
補充說明：※現在式→去y+ies  ※形容詞→去y+ier   happy快樂  happier 比較快樂
不規則變化如 eat --- ate
Read --- -read 注意寫法一樣讀音不同.(read的過去式和過去分詞)
Ride —rode [rod]
Come - came       run - ran
Have ---had      stand -- stood
See- --saw 補充： seesaw蹺蹺板
Go-----went             Give ---gave
Teach---taught     Take---took
(例)
現在式 I walk to school Every day .
過去式 I walked to school yesterday。

▲動詞隨著時間改變形態→ 時態
現在式：Mother goes to a supermarket every morning .媽媽每天早上去超市。(習慣性動作，現在式)
過去式： Mother went to a supermarket yesterday morning .媽媽昨天早上去超市了。
※主詞為第三人稱單數,過去式動詞不需加s 。過去式是不分人稱的。。。
★一般動詞（過去式）的否定句-----需用助動詞 did
肯定句：主詞 + 一般動詞過去式 ~~~~
否定句：主詞+加did not ＋原形動詞
例如1. He called you last night 他昨天打給你電話了
            He didn't call you last night 他昨天沒有給你打電話。(否定)
例如2. My sister and I watched TV all day yesterday .我的姐姐和我昨天一天都在看電視。
            My sister and I didn't watch TV all day yesterday 我和我的姐姐昨天並非一天都在看電視。(否定)
Not -----all 並非---- didn't ------all 並非
▲Be動詞與一般動詞  否定句（過去式）的比較：
Be 動詞-------(肯定) she was at home
                       (否定)  She wasn't at home .
一般動詞-----(肯定)she studied English
                      (否定)She didn't study English .
▲一般動詞的疑問句(過去式)
肯定句：主詞＋一般動詞過去式~~~
疑問句：Did ＋主詞＋原形動詞~~~？
例如1. 肯定句：His friends went to that movie last week 他的朋友們上周去看電影了。
            疑問句： Did his friends go to that movie last week？
例如2.肯定句： Grace wrote a letter to David .  (Grace 給david 寫了一封信。)
          疑問句 Did Grace write a letter to David ?
          答句：Yes,she did/ No, she didn't
▲比較------疑問句(過去式)
Be 動詞---He was sick       補充：sick是形容詞，後面不用加ed
               疑問句 Was he sick ?     答句：yes he was . /No , he wan't
一般動詞 He did his homework  ( did 是一般動詞do 的過去式) 做作業
               疑問句 Did he do his homework？
▲注意
Do/does 現在式
did 過去式有2種身份
       1. 它可以當一般動詞使用—解釋為"做"的意思
       2. 它也是助動詞＋原形動詞